Lesson 4: Learning Grammar Through Conversations by Dr. Snea Thinsan

(Present Perfect vs. Past Simple)

A: "I ___ my keys. I can't find them anywhere."

B: "When ___ you last see them?"

a) lost / did
b) have lost / did
c) have lost / do

Answer: b) have lost / did - Present Perfect is used to indicate something that happened at an unspecified time before now, and Past Simple is used to refer to a specific time in the past.

(Second Conditional)

A: "If I ___ a million dollars, I would travel the world."

B: "That's a great dream!"

a) have
b) had
c) will have

Answer: b) had - Second Conditional uses 'if' + past simple to talk about hypothetical situations.

(Gerunds vs. Infinitives)

A: "I enjoy ___ to music."

B: "Me too. It's very relaxing."

a) listen
b) listening
c) to listen

Answer: b) listening - Gerunds are used as nouns and 'listening' functions as the object of 'enjoy.'

(Modals of Possibility)

A: "Where's John? He ___ be at work."

B: "No, he has the day off."

a) must
b) might
c) can

Answer: b) might - 'Might' is used to indicate possibility.

(Adjective Order)

A: "She has a ___ car."

B: "It's beautiful!"

a) red small
b) small red
c) red small

Answer: b) small red - Adjectives follow a specific order: size before color.

(Relative Pronouns)

A: "The book ___ I borrowed was excellent."

B: "I'm glad you liked it."

a) who
b) whose
c) that

Answer: c) that - 'That' is used as a relative pronoun for things.

(Present Perfect Continuous vs. Present Continuous)

A: "How long ___ you been waiting?"

B: "For about an hour."

a) have
b) are
c) do

Answer: a) have - Present Perfect Continuous tense is used for actions that started in the past and continue to the present.

(Third Conditional)

A: "If I ___ harder, I would have passed the exam."

B: "Don't worry, you can try again."

a) studied
b) had studied
c) study

Answer: b) had studied - Third Conditional uses 'if' + past perfect to talk about hypothetical past situations.

(Passive Voice: Past Simple)

A: "The cake ___ by my mom."

B: "It's delicious!"

a) was made
b) made
c) is made

Answer: a) was made - Passive voice in Past Simple is formed with 'was' + past participle.

(Comparative and Superlative Adjectives)

A: "This is the ___ movie I've ever seen."

B: "I agree, it's really good."

a) better
b) best
c) good

Answer: b) best - Superlative adjectives are used to describe the highest degree of a quality.